韩邦春

Han Bangchun

（徐州金冠工业用呢有限公司）

(Xuzhou Jinguan industrial cloth Co., Ltd.)

特种纸(Specialty Paper 或Specialties)原本不是一种纸类的名称，起初是泛指造纸厂中除了主要产品之外的小批量产品，后来又演变为满足客户订货需要而特地抄造的纸类的代名词。特种纸是将不同的纤维利用抄纸机抄制成具有特殊机能的纸张，例如单独使用合成纤维,合成纸浆或混合木浆等原料，配合不同材料进行修饰或加工，赋予纸张不同的机能及用途，例如：生活用、建材用、电气制品用、工业过滤器用、机械工业用、农业用、信息用、光学用、文化艺术用、生化尖端技术用等等，只要是用于特殊用途的纸材，全部统称为特种纸。

Special paper (or specialties) was not originally a paper name, at first it generally refers to the small batch products other than the main products in the paper mill, and later it evolved into a synonym of paper specially copied to meet the customer's order needs. Special paper is a kind of paper with special functions, which is made of different fibers by a paper-making machine. For example, synthetic fibers are used alone, Synthetic pulp or mixed wood pulp and other raw materials are modified or processed with different materials to give different functions and uses to paper, such as: for living, building materials, electrical products, industrial filters, machinery and industry, agriculture, information, optics, culture and technology, biochemical cutting-edge technology and so on. As long as the paper is used for special purposes, all are collectively referred to as Special paper.

一、特种纸的定义：

1、 Definition of special paper:

造纸界对特种纸的定义和解释并不一致。有的说“所谓的特种纸”就是具有某种特殊功能、适合特别应用的那一类纸；有的说“特种纸是：为了适应特殊用途的、具有特种性能的纸及纸板品种”；也有的说：“特种纸是仅作特定的用途，而要求特别的纸质之纸类”。由此可知，目前很难对特种纸作出明确而严格的定位。（1）

The definition and explanation of special paper are different in the paper industry. Some say that "special paper" is a kind of paper with a certain special function and suitable for special application; some say that "special paper is a kind of paper and paperboard with special performance in order to adapt to special use"; others say that "special paper is a kind of paper only used for specific purpose and requires special paper". Therefore, it is difficult to make a clear and strict positioning of special paper. （1）

二、特种纸发展过程：

2、 Special paper development process:

特种纸(Specialty paper)这个名称大约是20世纪60年代以后才逐步流传起来的。也有人叫它特种加工纸。特种纸源于1945年美国国立现金出纳机公司(National Cash Register Co.)研制成功的无碳复写纸。后来，其它特种纸不断地推出，拓开了人们的视野，改变了人们对纸的传统看法。原料上也不再限于植物纤维，非植物纤维(如无机纤维、合成纤维)也得到了应用。结构上，除了纤维交织层外，还能加工或者增加涂布层数。效果上，可根据需要按设计来抄造，这都是过去没有想到的。但是，发展特种纸面临不少困难，如资金投入多、设备要求高、技术难度大等。同时，不少特种纸的应用面较窄，需求量小。短期内没有形成气候，有待于人们去开拓。

The name of special paper came into being after the 1960s. It is also called special processing paper. The special paper originated from the carbon free copy paper developed by national cash register Co. in 1945. Later, other special paper was launched continuously, which opened up people's vision and changed people's traditional view on paper. Raw materials are no longer limited to plant fiber, non plant fiber (such as inorganic fiber, synthetic fiber) has also been applied.  Structurally, in addition to the fiber interlacing layer, it can also process or increase the number of coating layers. As for the effect, we can make copies according to the design according to the needs, which was not thought of in the past. However, there are many difficulties in the development of special paper, such as more capital investment, high equipment requirements, technical difficulties and so on. At the same time, many special paper applications are narrow and the demand is small. There is no climate formed in a short period of time, which needs to be explored by people.

目前国产特种纸的产量很低，远远未能满足我国特种纸的使用需要。但由于特种纸应用范围广泛,性能及附加价值高，国内中小型生产特种纸的纸厂,应用学术研究单位的技术支持不是很普遍，使得我国特种纸发展有一定的障碍。特种纸生产企业应该做适当的生产规划，朝着产品转型和技术开发的方向迈进，相信一定能建立国产特种纸产业生存及发展的良好空间。

At present, the output of domestic special paper is very low, which is far from meeting the use needs of China's special paper. However, due to the wide range of application of special paper, high performance and added value, the technical support of domestic small and medium-sized paper factories and applied academic research units is not very common, which makes the development of special paper in China have certain obstacles. Special paper production enterprises should make appropriate production planning and move forward in the direction of product transformation and technology development. We believe that they can establish a good space for the survival and development of domestic special paper industry.

三、特种纸的特点：

3、 Special paper features:

特种纸具有“四新、三高、两难”的特点。“四新”就是原料新（包含植物纤维原料、非植物纤维原料或合成纤维原料等）、工艺新、设备新、产品新。“三高”就是高技术、高性能、高效益（产品附加值高）。“两难”就是控制好加工过程难、回收再用难。此外，在市场上特种纸又存在着“少、短、变”的特点，“少”就是特种纸用途特殊，市场有限，故产量少。“短”就是周期短，市场容易饱和。“变”就是变化快，或许变成普通纸，或许升级换代，时时变化，日新又新。

Special paper has the characteristics of "four new, three high and two difficulties". "Four new" means new raw materials (including plant fiber raw materials, non plant fiber raw materials or synthetic fiber raw materials), new technology, new equipment and new products. "Three high" means high technology, high performance and high efficiency (high added value of products). The dilemma is that it is difficult to control the processing process and recycle. In addition, in the market, special paper also has the characteristics of "less, short and variable." less "is the special purpose of special paper, the market is limited, so the output is small. "Short" means short cycle and easy market saturation. "Change" means fast change, maybe ordinary paper, maybe upgrading, constantly changing, new and new.

四、特种纸的种类划分：

4、 Classification of special paper types:

一） 文化类特种纸：

1） Cultural special paper:

如：无碳复写原纸、特种书刊印刷用纸、防泄密纸、会发声纸、耐压纸、纳米防水纸、安全线纸和防复印纸等等。

Such as: carbon free copy base paper, special book printing paper, leak proof paper, sound generating paper, pressure resistant paper, nano waterproof paper, safety wire paper and copy proof paper, etc.

二） 包装类特种纸：

2） Packaging special paper:

如：伸缩纸、深度冲压纸、纸质粮袋、特种食品包装用纸（太阳能保温纸、远红外线包装纸、可食防腐纸、脱水功能包装纸、豆渣纸、果渣纸、特殊覆膜包装纸、蔬菜纸）。

For example: stretch paper, deep stamping paper, paper grain bag, special food packaging paper (solar energy insulation paper, far infrared packaging paper, edible anti-corrosion paper, dehydration function packaging paper, bean dregs paper, fruit dregs paper, special film coated packaging paper, vegetable paper).

三） 生活类特种纸：

3） Special paper for life:

如：服装纸、水溶性纸、吸尘器套袋纸、彩色纸绳纸、灯罩纸、代布纸、和纸、纺织材料用纸等。

Such as: clothing paper, water-soluble paper, vacuum bag paper, color paper rope paper, lampshade paper, cloth substitute paper, and paper, textile material paper, etc.

四） 筑建材类特种纸：

4） Special paper for building materials:

如：建筑纸、复合地板耐磨层纸、彩釉绵砖衬纸、纸钢、各种新型壁纸（暖气壁纸、吸湿壁纸、防霉菌繁殖壁纸、杀虫壁纸、吸味壁纸、报火警壁纸、防窃听壁纸、高频蔽壁纸、不燃纸）、家具纸和纸制家具等等。

Such as: construction paper, composite floor wear-resistant layer paper, colored glazed cotton brick lining paper, paper steel, all kinds of new wallpaper (heating wallpaper, moisture absorption wallpaper, anti mold propagation wallpaper, insecticidal wallpaper, odor absorption wallpaper, fire alarm wallpaper, anti eavesdropping wallpaper, high-frequency shielding wallpaper, non combustible paper), furniture paper and paper furniture, etc.

五） 医疗保健类特种纸：

5） Health care special paper:

如：医用纸、吸油面纸、无尘纸、自然避孕试纸、消毒剂浓度测试纸、除臭纸等。

Such as: medical paper, oil absorption paper, dust-free paper, natural contraceptive test paper, disinfectant concentration test paper, deodorization paper, etc.

六） 防护类特种纸：

6） Protective special paper:

如：防锈纸、耐火纸等。

Such as: antirust paper, refractory paper, etc.

七） 农业用特种纸：

7） Agricultural special paper:

如：育草纸、种子发芽测定纸、中草药果蔬保鲜纸、“四合一”农用纸席、农用纸地膜、水果套袋纸、遮光纸等等。

Such as: straw paper, seed germination test paper, Chinese herbal medicine fruit and vegetable fresh-keeping paper, "four in one" agricultural paper mat, agricultural paper mulch, fruit bagging paper, shading paper and so on.

八） 烟草工业用特种纸：

8） Special paper for tobacco industry:

如：高透气度滤嘴棒成型纸、水松纸及水松原纸、卷烟纸等。

Such as: high permeability filter rod forming paper, tipping paper and tipping base paper, cigarette paper, etc.

九） 其他类别特种纸：

9） Other types of special paper:

如：测温纸、发热纸、仪器垫圈纸、大豆植物蛋白制特种纸、泡沫纸等。

Such as: temperature measuring paper, heating paper, instrument washer paper, soybean vegetable protein specialty paper, foam paper and so on.